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Cybersecurity in PACS and Medical Imaging: an Overview.

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This article reviews cybersecurity literature for Picture Archiving and Communications Systems (PACS) and medical imaging. It details essential security measures, including data de-identification and encryption, to protect healthcare IT infrastructure.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Information Security
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Healthcare IT systems, including Picture Archiving and Communications Systems (PACS), are vulnerable to cyber threats.
  • Securing medical imaging data requires a multi-faceted approach, integrating general IT security with PACS-specific measures.
  • Literature on healthcare cybersecurity often addresses general IT infrastructure but requires specific application to medical imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of existing literature on cybersecurity for PACS and medical imaging.
  • To identify and present the key "building blocks" for a secure PACS environment discussed in published research.
  • To highlight gaps in the current body of literature concerning PACS and medical imaging cybersecurity.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published literature on cybersecurity in healthcare IT.
  • Analysis of publications focusing on specific cybersecurity topics relevant to PACS and medical imaging.
  • Categorization of identified security measures into physical, technical, and organizational mitigation strategies.

Main Results:

  • General cybersecurity measures for IT infrastructure are applicable to PACS.
  • Specific "building blocks" for secure PACS environments include image de-identification, transport security, and selective DICOM header encryption.
  • Techniques such as encrypted DICOM files, digital signatures, and watermarking are crucial for medical imaging security.

Conclusions:

  • A robust cybersecurity strategy for PACS and medical imaging necessitates combining general IT security practices with specialized measures.
  • Further research is needed to address identified gaps in the literature, particularly concerning the practical implementation and validation of specific security techniques.
  • The findings provide a foundation for developing comprehensive security protocols for medical imaging environments.