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Autologous thrombin preparations: Biocompatibility and growth factor release.

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Ethanol-free autologous serum (AS) enhances wound healing by supporting greater cell proliferation and growth factor release compared to ethanol-stabilized preparations. Ethanol in autologous serum may impede normal wound healing processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is utilized for wound healing.
  • Autologous serum (AS) with thrombin can be prepared with (E+ AS) or without ethanol (E- AS).
  • Ethanol is used to stabilize autologous thrombin preparations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate wound healing mechanisms of E+ AS and E- AS.
  • To assess biocompatibility and growth factor release from PRP with AS preparations.
  • To compare the efficacy of ethanol-free versus ethanol-containing autologous serum in wound healing contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of E+ AS and E- AS using commercial devices.
  • Biocompatibility testing of AS preparations.
  • Assessment of growth factor and cytokine release from PRP combined with AS.
  • Evaluation of leukocyte viability and mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.

Main Results:

  • E- AS demonstrated significantly higher leukocyte viability (97.1%) compared to E+ AS (41.8%).
  • E- AS supported greater bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation at various ratios (e.g., 3.7x at 1:4).
  • Ethanol significantly reduced the release of 27 out of 36 evaluated growth factors and cytokines from PRP.

Conclusions:

  • Ethanol-free autologous serum (E- AS) is superior for wound healing applications compared to ethanol-containing preparations (E+ AS).
  • The presence of ethanol in autologous serum preparations negatively impacts cell viability, proliferation, and growth factor release.
  • High ethanol concentrations in point-of-care autologous thrombin preparations may be detrimental to wound healing.