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Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source
Published on: August 17, 2018
Equation of State of CO_{2} Shock Compressed to 1 TPa
L E Crandall1,2, J R Rygg1,2,3, D K Spaulding4
1Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.
Abstract:
Equation-of-state (pressure, density, temperature, internal energy) and reflectivity measurements on shock-compressed CO_{2} at and above the insulating-to-conducting transition reveal new insight into the chemistry of simple molecular systems in the warm-dense-matter regime. CO_{2} samples were precompressed in diamond-anvil cells to tune the initial densities from 1.35 g/cm^{3} (liquid) to 1.74 g/cm^{3} (solid) at room temperature and were then shock compressed up to 1 TPa and 93 000 K. Variation in initial density was leveraged to infer thermodynamic derivatives including specific heat and Gruneisen coefficient, exposing a complex bonded and moderately ionized state at the most extreme conditions studied.
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