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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

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Toward precise CRISPR DNA fragment editing and predictable 3D genome engineering.

Qiang Wu1, Jia Shou1

  • 1Center for Comparative Biomedicine, MOE Key Lab of Systems Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Journal of Molecular Cell Biology
|October 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

CRISPR gene editing precisely modifies genomes by targeting DNA cleavage and repair, enabling predictable 3D genome engineering. This technology accelerates biomedical research and synthetic biology advancements.

Keywords:
3D genome engineeringCRISPRDNA fragment editingchromatin loopsprecise modificationspredictable indelsrepair mechanisms

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Gene targeting and genome modification have revolutionized biomedical research since the 1980s.
  • The CRISPR/Cas9 system has significantly advanced the genetic analysis of 3D genomes.
  • CRISPR editing relies on Cas9 nuclease-induced DNA cleavage and host repair mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current understanding of CRISPR DNA fragment-editing mechanisms.
  • To review progress in predictable outcomes from precise 3D genome engineering.
  • To highlight advancements in synthetic biology enabled by precise genome editing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical genetic studies leading to CRISPR and 3D genome engineering.
  • Summarization of chromosomal rearrangements resulting from DNA fragment editing.
  • Analysis of recent progress in 1D gene editing toward 3D genome engineering.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR genome editing is precise and predictable due to cohesive Cas9 cleavage.
  • Diverse chromosomal rearrangements can occur through DNA fragment editing.
  • Significant progress has been made in translating precise gene editing to 3D genome engineering.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR technology offers predictable outcomes for precise genetic engineering of 3D genomes.
  • Advances in this field present new opportunities and challenges for understanding 3D genomes.
  • The technology holds promise for synthetic biology applications.