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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Updated: Dec 3, 2025

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Profile of SARS-CoV-2.

Franz X Heinz1, Karin Stiasny2

  • 1Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria. franz.x.heinz@meduniwien.ac.at.

Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
|October 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses a global health and economic threat due to efficient human transmission and severe disease potential. Research is underway to develop specific countermeasures like vaccines and antiviral drugs.

Keywords:
AntiviralsCOVID-19CoronavirusOrigin and evolutionVaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents a significant global challenge.
  • This novel coronavirus exhibits efficient human-to-human transmission.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe illness and mortality, impacting public health and economies worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the key characteristics of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To identify current knowledge gaps regarding the virus.
  • To provide an overview of developing virus-specific countermeasures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of SARS-CoV-2 characteristics.
  • Analysis of ongoing research and development efforts for countermeasures.
  • Perspective on the global response to the pandemic.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 possesses specific biological and epidemiological features.
  • Significant gaps in understanding the virus remain.
  • Active development of vaccines and antiviral drugs is in progress.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding SARS-CoV-2 characteristics is crucial for effective control.
  • Continued research is vital to address knowledge gaps.
  • Development of targeted countermeasures is essential to mitigate the global threat.