Prevalence, risk factors and disease knowledge of polycystic kidney disease in Pakistan

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Use of Ultra-high Field MRI in Small Rodent Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease for In Vivo Phenotyping and Drug Monitoring
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Rabia Zahid1, Muhammad Akram1, Ejaz Rafique2

  • 1Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology
|October 30, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Polycystic kidney disease involves cyst formation, leading to end-stage renal disease and high mortality. Early diagnosis via family history and ultrasonography aids management, with renal transplantation as the optimal treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Genetics
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common genetic disorder characterized by cyst formation in the kidneys, often leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and increased mortality.
  • It presents in two main forms: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), with distinct prevalence rates and age of onset.
  • PKD manifests with renal and extra-renal complications, including hypertension and cysts in organs like the liver, influenced by its genetic basis and family history.

Discussion:

  • Ultrasonography, combined with family history, is the primary diagnostic tool for PKD, identifying enlarged kidneys and altered renal architecture.
  • While initially asymptomatic, PKD progresses to symptomatic stages requiring management of complications such as hypertension.
  • Treatment strategies range from symptomatic management and surgical interventions like cyst decortication to dialysis for ESRD and renal transplantation as the definitive treatment.

Key Insights:

  • PKD is a significant genetic cause of ESRD with substantial mortality.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis through ultrasonography and family history is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Renal transplantation offers the best long-term outcome for patients with end-stage PKD.

Outlook:

  • Further research into the genetic underpinnings of PKD may reveal novel therapeutic targets.
  • Advancements in diagnostic imaging and monitoring could improve early detection and disease management.
  • Focus on personalized treatment approaches based on PKD subtype and patient-specific factors is essential for improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Pakistandisease knowledgepolycystic kidneyprevalencerisk factors

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