Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Protists I01:15

Diversity of Protists I

667
Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
667
Overview of Protists01:27

Overview of Protists

1.0K
Protists are diverse eukaryotic microorganisms that lack the specialized tissues of plants and animals and the chitinous cell walls of fungi. Their early divergence within Eukarya resulted in structural, functional, and ecological diversity. They are classified into supergroups such as Archaeplastida, Excavata, Amoebozoa, Rhizaria, Alveolata, and Stramenopiles, determined through genetic analysis and structural similarities.Structural and Functional AdaptationsProtists have various adaptations...
1.0K
Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

650
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
650
Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

Other Glycolytic Pathways

585
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
585
Diversity of Protists III01:27

Diversity of Protists III

584
Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
584

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Lack of evidence for the presence of plastids in the evolutionary history of kinetoplastid protists.

Folia parasitologica·2026
Same author

Volume electron microscopy reveals bacterial endosymbiosis within host mitochondria.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Trypanosomes of fish as an emerging threat to aquaculture systems in China.

PLoS pathogens·2026
Same author

Frequent occurrence and predicted functions of tRNAs with 4-base-pair anticodon stems in bacteria: extended superwobble hypothesis.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Extensive heterozygosity and genetic exchange among natural populations of <i>Leishmania</i> species.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Subcellular proteomics reveals a blueprint for endosymbiont integration in trypanosomatid Angomonas deanei.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Studying Inherited Immunity in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Microsporidia Infection
09:24

Studying Inherited Immunity in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Microsporidia Infection

Published on: April 6, 2022

2.7K

Reductionist Pathways for Parasitism in Euglenozoans? Expanded Datasets Provide New Insights.

Anzhelika Butenko1, Michael Hammond2, Mark C Field3

  • 1Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.

Trends in Parasitology
|October 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Most parasite-specific traits in Euglenozoa evolved before the transition to parasitism. This suggests that certain ancestral features increase the likelihood of adopting a parasitic lifestyle.

Keywords:
Euglenozoadiplonemidsevolutionkinetoplastidsmetabolismparasitism

More Related Videos

RNA Fluorescence in situ Hybridization FISH to Visualize Microbial Colonization and Infection in Caenorhabditis elegans Intestines
08:58

RNA Fluorescence in situ Hybridization FISH to Visualize Microbial Colonization and Infection in Caenorhabditis elegans Intestines

Published on: July 27, 2022

4.8K
A High-throughput, High-content, Liquid-based C. elegans Pathosystem
09:44

A High-throughput, High-content, Liquid-based C. elegans Pathosystem

Published on: July 1, 2018

15.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Studying Inherited Immunity in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Microsporidia Infection
09:24

Studying Inherited Immunity in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Microsporidia Infection

Published on: April 6, 2022

2.7K
RNA Fluorescence in situ Hybridization FISH to Visualize Microbial Colonization and Infection in Caenorhabditis elegans Intestines
08:58

RNA Fluorescence in situ Hybridization FISH to Visualize Microbial Colonization and Infection in Caenorhabditis elegans Intestines

Published on: July 27, 2022

4.8K
A High-throughput, High-content, Liquid-based C. elegans Pathosystem
09:44

A High-throughput, High-content, Liquid-based C. elegans Pathosystem

Published on: July 1, 2018

15.0K

Area of Science:

  • * Evolutionary biology
  • * Parasitology
  • * Molecular phylogenetics

Background:

  • * Trypanosomatids, unicellular parasites from the phylum Euglenozoa, infect diverse hosts including humans.
  • * Distinct lineages of trypanosomatids exhibit host specificity across plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates.
  • * Understanding the evolutionary origins of parasitism in Euglenozoa is crucial for comprehending host-parasite dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To reconstruct robust phylogenetic relationships within the Euglenozoa phylum.
  • * To investigate the evolutionary context of parasite-specific traits in trypanosomatids.
  • * To identify factors influencing the evolution of parasitism in this group.

Main Methods:

  • * Comparative genomics utilizing recently available genome data from marine diplonemids, freshwater euglenids, and free-living kinetoplastids.
  • * Phylogenetic analyses to establish evolutionary relationships across Euglenozoa.
  • * Examination of ancestral traits in relation to the transition to parasitism.

Main Results:

  • * Phylogenetic reconstructions provide a robust evolutionary framework for Euglenozoa.
  • * Most traits previously considered exclusive to parasitic trypanosomatids were found in their nonparasitic relatives.
  • * These ancestral traits significantly predate the emergence of parasitism in distinct lineages.

Conclusions:

  • * The evolution of parasitism in Euglenozoa is influenced by pre-existing ancestral conditions rather than solely by adaptations to parasitic life.
  • * Understanding these preconditions offers insights into the factors promoting host jumps and the evolution of virulence.
  • * This study reframes the understanding of parasite evolution, highlighting the importance of ancestral states.