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Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Subcostal Specimen Removal in Completely Portal Robotic Lobectomy
Published on: April 19, 2024
Darren S Bryan1, Mark K Ferguson2, Mara B Antonoff3
1Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
This study used a Delphi process to identify key steps for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) left upper lobectomy simulation. Consensus was reached on 19 steps, highlighting dissection and division as priorities for training.
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