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COVID-19 in people living with HIV: A multicenter case-series study

Alfonso Cabello1, Belén Zamarro1, Sara Nistal2

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Research Health Institute, Autónoma de Madrid University (IIS-FJD, UAM), Spain.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
|October 31, 2020
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 outcomes in people living with HIV (PLHIV) are primarily determined by age and comorbidities, not HIV severity or antiretroviral therapy. PLHIV experienced similar hospitalization and ICU admission rates but lower mortality compared to those without HIV.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Limited data exists on the impact of COVID-19 on individuals living with HIV (PLHIV).
  • Understanding COVID-19's effects on PLHIV is crucial for public health strategies and clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical presentation, severity, and outcomes of COVID-19 in people living with HIV.
  • To compare COVID-19 outcomes between PLHIV and individuals without HIV.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study was conducted in four Madrid hospitals.
  • Included were HIV patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19, compared to non-HIV COVID-19 patients.
  • Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, disease severity, hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality.

Main Results:

  • Sixty-three PLHIV with COVID-19 were analyzed; 84.1% had comorbidities. Common symptoms included fever, cough, and dyspnea.
  • Pneumonia occurred in 47.5%, severe disease in 28.6%, and hospitalization in 32.3%. ICU admission and mortality rates were 3.17%.
  • Age, hypertension, overweight, and diabetes were associated with COVID-19 severity. HIV-related factors did not influence outcomes. Hospitalization and ICU rates were similar to non-HIV patients, with lower mortality in PLHIV.

Conclusions:

  • Established COVID-19 prognostic factors like age and comorbidities are key determinants for PLHIV.
  • HIV severity and antiretroviral therapy type did not appear to affect COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Further large prospective studies are needed to fully elucidate differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19HIVSARS-CoV-2

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