Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

8.7K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
8.7K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

10.5K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
10.5K
Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

2.5K
Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
2.5K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

15.6K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
15.6K
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

4.0K
A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
4.0K
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

18.3K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
18.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Aberrant and Ectopic Cell Populations in Restrictive Allograft Syndrome after Lung Transplantation.

The European respiratory journal·2026
Same author

SPEAK: Spatial Prompting with Expert Aligned Knowledge for Tissue Domain Identification in Spatial Transcriptomics.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Alveolar niche disruption and aberrant epithelial reprogramming are early hallmarks of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A Transcriptomic Atlas of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction.

The European respiratory journal·2026
Same author

Integrated stress response couples mitochondrial fitness with lineage reprogramming to drive cancer evolution.

Nature cell biology·2026
Same author

Early Pulmonary Fibrosis is Defined by Niche- and Cell-Specific Molecular Programs.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model
06:05

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model

Published on: March 9, 2022

4.2K

Retrograde signaling by a mtDNA-encoded non-coding RNA preserves mitochondrial bioenergetics.

A Blumental-Perry1, R Jobava2, I Bederman2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. annablum@buffalo.edu.

Communications Biology
|October 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Cigarette smoke exposure increases mito-ncRNA-805 in lung cells, which protects mitochondria by regulating energy metabolism and nuclear gene expression. This reveals a novel stress response pathway in alveolar epithelial type II cells.

More Related Videos

Ratiometric Biosensors that Measure Mitochondrial Redox State and ATP in Living Yeast Cells
12:22

Ratiometric Biosensors that Measure Mitochondrial Redox State and ATP in Living Yeast Cells

Published on: July 22, 2013

21.4K
Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines
07:49

Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 3, 2025

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model
06:05

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model

Published on: March 9, 2022

4.2K
Ratiometric Biosensors that Measure Mitochondrial Redox State and ATP in Living Yeast Cells
12:22

Ratiometric Biosensors that Measure Mitochondrial Redox State and ATP in Living Yeast Cells

Published on: July 22, 2013

21.4K
Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines
07:49

Author Spotlight: Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

  • Alveolar epithelial type II (AETII) cells are crucial for lung maintenance and function.
  • Mitochondria play a vital role in cellular energy production and homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of mitochondria-encoded non-coding RNAs in response to cigarette smoke (CS) exposure in AETII cells.
  • To elucidate the protective mechanisms of mito-ncRNA-805 under physiological stress.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of AETII cells from mouse lungs exposed to cigarette smoke.
  • Quantification of mito-ncRNA-805 levels and localization.
  • Assessment of mitochondrial energy metabolism and respiration.
  • Evaluation of nuclear-encoded gene expression.

Main Results:

  • CS exposure significantly increased mito-ncRNA-805 levels in AETII cells.
  • mito-ncR-805 positively regulated mitochondrial energy metabolism and respiration.
  • CS-induced mito-ncRNA-805 redistributed from mitochondria to the nucleus.
  • Nuclear translocation of mito-ncRNA-805 correlated with increased expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes.

Conclusions:

  • Mito-ncRNA-805 plays a protective role against cigarette smoke-induced cellular stress.
  • Mito-ncRNA-805 mediates retrograde signaling from mitochondria to the nucleus.
  • This study identifies a novel class of small non-coding RNAs involved in cellular stress response and mitochondrial protection.