Selective attention to real-world objects drives their emotional appraisal

Attentional manipulations have been shown to influence subsequent evaluations of objects and images. For example, images used as distractors in a visual search task are subsequently rated more negatively than are target images. One powerful manipulation of attention occurs when we plan and execute movements toward objects in our environment. Here, in two experiments, we show that selective attention to real-world objects subsequently improves emotional appraisal of those objects-an effect we term "target appreciation." Participants were presented with abstract images on three-dimensional objects, and were cued to either reach and grasp one of the two objects, or to respond to the cued object with a keyboard. Images presented on target objects were appraised more positively when compared with novel images. In contrast, images associated with obstacles or distractor objects were not appraised differently than novel images, despite the attentional suppression thought to be required to successfully avoid or ignore these objects. We speculate that this automatic appreciation of the objects of selective attention may be adaptive for organisms acting in complex environments.