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BMI as a Risk Factor for Clinical Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York

Tara S Kim1,2, Mitchell Roslin3, Jason J Wang2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA.

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)
|October 31, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Patients with underweight or obesity (classes II and III) faced higher risks of death and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) during COVID-19 infection. These findings highlight the significant role of pulmonary complications in adverse outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Research
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Obesity is a growing global health concern.
  • The impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) on COVID-19 outcomes requires further investigation.
  • Understanding risk factors is crucial for managing infectious disease outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between BMI categories and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
  • To determine if BMI influences the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or mortality.
  • To identify specific BMI ranges associated with severe COVID-19 complications.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 10,861 COVID-19 patients admitted to Northwell Health hospitals.
  • Patients categorized into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity classes I-III based on BMI.
  • Primary outcomes analyzed: invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and in-hospital death.

Main Results:

  • Overweight and obesity classes I-III were associated with an increased risk of requiring IMV.
  • Underweight, obesity class II, and obesity class III were statistically linked to a higher risk of death.
  • Among patients on IMV, BMI was not significantly associated with inpatient mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Underweight and obesity are significant risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes, including the need for IMV and mortality.
  • Pulmonary complications, indicated by IMV, appear to be a major contributor to poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients across various BMI categories.
  • These findings underscore the importance of considering BMI in risk stratification and management strategies for COVID-19.
Abstract

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