Development of DNA databases in Latin America

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Genetics
• Legal Informatics

Background:

• The Iberoamerican Working Group on DNA Analysis (GITAD), established in 1998, monitors DNA database development across Latin America, Portugal, and Spain.
• A dedicated Database Commission within GITAD focuses on these advancements.
• GITAD operates under the Iberoamerican Academy of Criminalistics and Forensic Studies (AICEF).

Purpose of the Study:

• To survey the current state of DNA databases in Latin America, Portugal, and Spain.
• To understand the legal norms governing DNA databases in these regions.
• To identify trends and challenges in the implementation and use of DNA databases.

Main Methods:

• A questionnaire was distributed to institutions collaborating with GITAD.
• Responses were collected from representatives of 15 countries.
• Local legislation concerning DNA databases was investigated to supplement survey data.

Main Results:

• 13 out of 15 responding countries reported having some form of DNA database (criminal or missing persons).
• 11 countries indicated the existence of legal norms for DNA databases.
• Some countries have implemented DNA databases without specific legislation.

Conclusions:

• There is significant progress in the development and utilization of DNA databases in Latin America.
• DNA databases are increasingly used for both criminal investigations and the search for missing persons.
• The landscape of DNA databases remains heterogeneous, with varying legislative support, necessitating informed decision-making for future development.