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Examination of structural brain changes in recent suicidal behavior.

Diane J Kim1, Elizabeth A Bartlett2, Christine DeLorenzo3

  • 1Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook, New York, United States.

Psychiatry Research. Neuroimaging
|November 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent suicidal behavior is linked to specific brain structural changes. Lower middle temporal gyrus thickness, insular surface area, and thalamic volume, with higher nucleus accumbens volume, were observed in individuals with recent suicide attempts.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Suicidal behavior is a significant public health concern.
  • Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of suicidal behavior is crucial for developing effective interventions.
  • Previous research suggests structural brain abnormalities may be associated with suicidal ideation and attempts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific brain structural alterations in cortical and subcortical regions associated with recent suicidal behavior.
  • To analyze structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from independent cohorts to increase statistical power and generalizability.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of structural MRI data from two independent studies (EMBARC and Little Rock).
  • Comparison of brain structure in individuals with recent suicide attempts (Recent-SA), remote suicide attempts (Remote-SA), lifetime suicide ideation only (Lifetime-SI only), and non-suicidal depressed individuals.
  • Combined analysis of datasets (Study 3) to investigate group differences in regional brain volumes and cortical thickness.

Main Results:

  • No significant group differences were found in initial separate analyses of Study 1 and Study 2.
  • In the combined dataset (Study 3), individuals with Recent-SA showed significantly lower middle temporal gyrus thickness, insular surface area, and thalamic volume.
  • Individuals with Recent-SA also exhibited a significantly higher volume in the nucleus accumbens compared to other groups.

Conclusions:

  • The observed pattern of structural brain abnormalities in Recent-SA may be associated with emotion dysregulation and pain processing.
  • These neurobiological changes could potentially contribute to the transition from suicidal thoughts to suicidal actions.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the causal relationship between these structural changes and suicidal behavior.