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Related Concept Videos

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

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Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
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Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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Environmental pollutants like...
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Measuring Carbon Content in Airway Macrophages Exposed to Carbon-Containing Particulate Matters
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Association between air pollution and Multiple Sclerosis: A systematic review.

Zahra Noorimotlagh1, Mahdieh Azizi2, Hai-Feng Pan3

  • 1Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.

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|November 1, 2020
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Summary

Exposure to air pollution significantly correlates with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) development and progression. Polluted air may trigger immune responses and oxidative stress, increasing MS risk and exacerbating the disease.

Keywords:
Air pollutionDemyelinating diseaseMultiple SclerosisNoise pollutionOxidative stressParticulate matter

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Air pollution poses a significant threat to public health.
  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease with complex etiology.
  • The link between environmental factors like air pollution and MS progression requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct the first systematic review on the association between air pollution exposure and Multiple Sclerosis progression.
  • To synthesize evidence from existing literature regarding air pollution's impact on MS development and worsening.
  • To identify potential biological mechanisms linking air pollution to MS pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed across multiple international databases.
  • Keywords related to air pollution and Multiple Sclerosis were utilized.
  • Twenty-four eligible studies investigating the relationship between various air pollutants and MS were included in the review.

Main Results:

  • A significant association was found between exposure to air pollution and both the development and progression of MS.
  • Included studies suggest air pollution exposure can trigger mechanisms contributing to MS risk, relapses, and disability.
  • Key proposed mechanisms involve dysimmune inflammatory responses and oxidative stress.

Conclusions:

  • Air pollution exposure is linked to increased risk and progression of Multiple Sclerosis.
  • Pollutants can induce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, disrupting immune balance and promoting autoimmune responses.
  • Oxidative stress appears to be a central factor in the systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation observed in MS.