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Pneumococcal disease in Thailand

Amgad Gamil1, Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit2, Wanatpreeya Phongsamart2

  • 1Pfizer Inc., Medical and Scientific Affairs, Vaccines, Emerging Markets, PO Box 502749, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
|November 1, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Pneumococcal disease is most common in young children and the elderly in Thailand. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) show high efficacy against prevalent serotypes, yet are not in the national immunization program.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Pneumococcal disease remains a significant public health concern globally and in Thailand.
  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence and hospitalization rates are highest in children under 5 and the elderly in Thailand.
  • Understanding serotype prevalence and antibiotic resistance is crucial for effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology of pneumococcal disease in Thailand.
  • To analyze serotype prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns.
  • To evaluate the potential impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on disease burden and discuss national vaccination recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological data on pneumococcal disease in Thailand.
  • Analysis of serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance profiles of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates.
  • Assessment of PCV10 and PCV13 coverage against prevalent serotypes in different age groups.

Main Results:

  • The most prevalent serotype in Thailand is 6B, covered by both PCV10 and PCV13.
  • PCV10 and PCV13 are estimated to cover 48.8%-74% and 73.2%-92% of isolates in children under 5, respectively.
  • High rates of antibiotic resistance were observed for erythromycin, cefuroxime, and penicillin. PCVs are not currently part of the Thai national immunization program.

Conclusions:

  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have the potential to significantly reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease in Thailand across all age groups, especially in children and the elderly.
  • Despite demonstrated efficacy and cost-effectiveness, PCVs are not included in the Thai national immunization program.
  • Further implementation of PCVs in Thailand's national immunization program is recommended to reduce disease incidence and combat antibiotic resistance.

Keywords:
Antibiotic resistanceInvasive pneumococcal diseaseNasopharyngeal carriagePneumococcal conjugate vaccineThailand

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