Phospho-dephospho-control by insulin is mimicked by a phospho-oligosaccharide in adipocytes

The mechanism of insulin action is only partly understood. At one end of the signalling chain, the structure of the insulin receptor is known in detail, and at the other end, insulin controls cellular metabolism by regulating the phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues in key target enzymes. The molecular events linking the occupied receptor to changes in target enzyme phosphorylation have remained obscure. Recently, insulin was shown to promote the hydrolysis of a phosphatidylinositol glycan with release of its polar head-group. The head group was reported to activate a high-affinity cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase and pyruvate dehydrogenase, to inhibit catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis, and also to inhibit phospholipid methyltransferase and adenylate cyclase. We report here that in intact adipocytes this head-group faithfully copies the insulin-directed effects on the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of target proteins of the hormone.