Iatrogenic Pneumopericardium During Pericardiocentesis

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Interventional Cardiology
• Medical Procedures

Background:

• Pericardiocentesis is a procedure to drain fluid from the pericardial sac.
• Iatrogenic pneumopericardium is a known but rare complication.
• Previous reports attribute this complication to leakage from the sheath side port.

Observation:

• This case report details an instance of iatrogenic pneumopericardium.
• The complication occurred during the guidewire passage phase of pericardiocentesis.
• This differs from previously reported mechanisms of leakage.

Findings:

• Accidental air entry into the pericardial space can lead to pneumopericardium.
• Guidewire manipulation poses a risk for iatrogenic pneumopericardium.
• Meticulous procedural technique is crucial to prevent complications.

Implications:

• Highlights the importance of careful guidewire handling during pericardiocentesis.
• Underscores the need for continuous vigilance for potential complications.
• Suggests patient instructions, such as breath-holding, may aid prevention.