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Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients01:15

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients

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Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...
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Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

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It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies01:11

Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies

98
Bioavailability studies are essential for understanding how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body. These studies assess the extent and rate at which the active pharmaceutical agent becomes available at the site of action. The design of bioavailability studies can involve single-dose or multiple-dose regimens, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Single-dose studies are the preferred approach due to their simplicity and reduced drug exposure for...
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Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 2, 2025

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
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SCAN! A pharmacy-based, sun safety feasibility study.

Kimberly M Kelly, Trupti Dhumal, Virginia G Scott

    Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : Japha
    |November 2, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    The Skin Cancer Awareness Now! (SCAN!) pilot project successfully promoted skin cancer prevention and screening in Appalachian community pharmacies. This intervention improved participants' knowledge and intentions regarding sun safety, demonstrating community pharmacies as a viable venue for public health initiatives.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Cancer Prevention
    • Health Disparities

    Background:

    • Skin cancer is a prevalent cancer with elevated risks in underserved Appalachian populations.
    • Prevention strategies include ultraviolet light reduction and early detection via skin examinations.
    • The Skin Cancer Awareness Now! (SCAN!) project aimed to address these issues in community pharmacies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the feasibility of the SCAN! pilot project.
    • To evaluate the preliminary impact of the SCAN! intervention on skin cancer awareness and prevention behaviors.
    • To understand the effectiveness of community pharmacies as a venue for skin cancer interventions.

    Main Methods:

    • A pilot study was conducted using the SCAN! intervention in three community pharmacies.
    • Pre- and postintervention surveys were administered to assess changes in knowledge and intentions.
    • Participants (n=90) were surveyed regarding demographics, knowledge of skin cancer prevention, and sun safety practices.

    Main Results:

    • The SCAN! intervention demonstrated high feasibility, attention, liking, and comprehension.
    • Significant improvements were observed in participants' knowledge of sunscreen application (66%) and melanoma features (39%).
    • Multivariate analysis confirmed overall improvements in knowledge and intentions, with specific benefits for rural participants regarding knowledge and urban participants regarding perceived importance.

    Conclusions:

    • The SCAN! intervention was well-received and feasible within community pharmacy settings.
    • Community pharmacies represent a novel and effective venue for delivering skin cancer prevention interventions.
    • The study highlights the potential of such programs to reach medically underserved, rural populations in regions like Appalachia.