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3D-Printed Microfluidic Nanoelectrospray Ionization Source Based on Hydrodynamic Focusing.

Yu Zhao1, Shichang Jiang1, Yuna Bai1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University.

Analytical Sciences : the International Journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry
|November 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Three-dimensional (3D) printing enables fabrication of microfluidic nanoelectrospray ionization sources (NIS). This 3D-printed NIS offers stable nanoflows and comparable detection limits for mass spectrometry, advancing chip-based analysis.

Keywords:
3D printingChip-MS platformNanoelectrospray ionization sourcemicrofluidic hydrodynamic focusingmonolithic spray emitter

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Microfluidics
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Nanoelectrospray ionization (nESI) mass spectrometry (MS) is crucial for microfluidic chip analysis.
  • Fabricating integrated nESI emitters in microfluidic chips presents significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel microfluidic nanoelectrospray ionization source (NIS) using three-dimensional (3D) printing.
  • To assess the performance of the 3D-printed NIS for nanoflow compatibility and analyte detection.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a microfluidic NIS using a 3D printing approach.
  • Implementation of 3D hydrodynamic focusing to manage nanoflow rates (50-500 nL/min).
  • Evaluation of the NIS performance using organic chemicals, insulin, and lysozyme via mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

  • Achieved stable nanoflows with a 7.2% relative standard deviation in total ion current (TIC).
  • Demonstrated adequate signal-to-noise ratios and high accuracy (ppm level) for diverse analytes.
  • Obtained limits of detection comparable to commercial nESI-MS systems.

Conclusions:

  • 3D printing offers a viable method for fabricating customized microfluidic nanoelectrospray ionization sources.
  • The developed NIS demonstrates potential for advancing 3D-printed customized Chip-MS platforms.
  • Standardized preparation of NIS facilitates its integration into microfluidic analytical devices.