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Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by Coronavirus disease 2019 infection: Case series

Ibrahim Alsadhan1, Shahad Alruwashid1, Maram Alhamad1

  • 1Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental
|November 2, 2020
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 infection can trigger diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in patients with or without prior diabetes. Early detection of hyperglycemia is crucial for managing COVID-19 patients with DKA.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacts global health.
  • Hyperglycemia and acute hyperglycemic crises are noted complications of COVID-19.
  • No prior reports of DKA in COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of hyperglycemia in COVID-19 patient outcomes.
  • To report cases of diabetic ketoacidosis in COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia.

Main Methods:

  • Case series of five patients with DKA and confirmed COVID-19.
  • Diagnosis confirmed via real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
  • Retrospective review of electronic medical records.

Main Results:

  • Five patients presented with DKA and concurrent COVID-19 infection.
  • Three patients had pre-existing diabetes; two had new-onset diabetes.
  • Four patients recovered; one patient died.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 infection can precipitate DKA in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.
  • DKA can be the initial presentation of diabetes in COVID-19 patients.
  • Close monitoring for hyperglycemia and respiratory status is vital in COVID-19-related DKA management.
Abstract

Keywords:
AcidosisCOVID-19Diabetes mellitusHyperglycemia

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