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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Covid-19 and Diabetes: A Complex Bidirectional Relationship.

Hermine Muniangi-Muhitu1, Elina Akalestou1, Victoria Salem2

  • 1Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|November 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study explores how diabetes worsens Covid-19 severity and complications. It examines potential mechanisms, including immune response, microangiopathy, and viral effects on metabolic tissues, to understand severe outcomes in diabetic patients.

Keywords:
Covid-19diabetesketoacidosismanagementmicroangiopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2.
  • Risk factors for severe Covid-19 include older age, male sex, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension.
  • SARS-CoV2 infection appears to worsen hyperglycemia and diabetic pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss potential mechanisms linking diabetes to severe Covid-19 outcomes.
  • To explore how SARS-CoV2 infection may aggravate diabetic emergencies and long-term pathology.
  • To investigate the roles of the immune system, microangiopathy, and viral toxicity in these interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and discussion of emerging evidence.
  • Analysis of potential pathophysiological pathways.
  • Consideration of immune responses, microvascular complications, and direct viral effects.

Main Results:

  • Diabetes is associated with increased risk of severe Covid-19 outcomes.
  • SARS-CoV2 infection can exacerbate hyperglycemia and diabetic complications.
  • Potential mechanisms involve immune dysregulation, microangiopathy, and direct viral impact on metabolic tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between diabetes and Covid-19 is crucial for managing high-risk patients.
  • Further research into immune, vascular, and direct viral mechanisms is warranted.
  • This knowledge can inform strategies to mitigate severe outcomes in individuals with diabetes during the pandemic.