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Updated: Dec 2, 2025

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Classification of Intervertebral Disc Disease.

Joe Fenn1, Natasha J Olby2,

  • 1Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Veterinary Science
|November 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) classification in dogs has evolved, complicating diagnosis. This review examines historical and current IVDD classification systems, including breed-specific differences.

Keywords:
HansenIVDchondrodystrophydegenerationextrusionprotrusion

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Comparative Pathology
  • Canine Health

Background:

  • Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) has been documented in dogs since the 1800s.
  • Understanding of canine and feline IVDD has significantly advanced, yet classification remains complex.
  • Histopathology, imaging, and clinical data have been used to classify IVDD, focusing on chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic breeds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of historical and current intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) classification systems in dogs.
  • To highlight key findings and ongoing controversies in IVDD classification.
  • To address the expanding concept of IVDD with advancements in diagnostic imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and contemporary studies on canine intervertebral disc disease (IVDD).
  • Analysis of classification systems based on histopathology, diagnostic imaging, and clinical findings.
  • Examination of breed-specific IVDD variations, particularly between chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic dogs.

Main Results:

  • Canine intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) classification has become more complex over time.
  • Traditional classification models are challenged by new clinical presentations and advanced imaging.
  • Breed-specific differences in IVDD pathogenesis and presentation are significant.

Conclusions:

  • Current intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) classification systems require updates to incorporate advanced diagnostics.
  • A comprehensive understanding of IVDD necessitates integrating historical data with modern findings.
  • Further research is needed to refine IVDD classification, especially for non-traditional presentations.