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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

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Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...
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Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 2, 2025

Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants
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Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants

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Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in 2020.

Rüdiger Hehlmann1

  • 1ELN Foundation, Weinheim; Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.

Hemasphere
|November 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Optimal chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) management now prioritizes treatment-free remission (TFR) over response velocity. Generic imatinib is a cost-effective first-line option, while earlier genetic assessment may aid blast crisis outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Clinical Trial Analysis

Background:

  • Maturing long-term clinical trials offer new insights into chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) management.
  • Previous assumptions about the importance of response velocity in CML treatment are being re-evaluated.
  • Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown serious cumulative toxicity, challenging their role as imatinib replacements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments and current evidence for treating CML in 2020.
  • To highlight the evolving treatment goals, including the emergence of treatment-free remission (TFR).
  • To update recommendations for CML management based on new clinical trial data.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from long-term academic and commercial clinical trials in CML.

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  • Review of evidence regarding response velocity, toxicity profiles of TKIs, and cost-effectiveness of generic imatinib.
  • Evaluation of genetic assessments for early recognition of end-phase CML and blast crisis (BC).

    • Main Results:

    • Response velocity is less critical than previously thought and does not predict survival or relevance for TFR.
    • Generic imatinib is a cost-effective first-line treatment for chronic phase CML, despite some side effects.
    • Serious and cumulative toxicity observed with newer TKIs.

    Conclusions:

    • Treatment-free remission (TFR) is a significant new treatment goal in CML management.
    • Generic imatinib represents a viable and cost-effective first-line therapy.
    • Earlier genetic assessment may improve outcomes for patients with CML blast crisis (BC).