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Evaluating Cognitive Relationships with Resting-State and Task-driven Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Variability.

Peter R Millar1, Beau M Ances1, Brian A Gordon1

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Task-driven brain signal variability, not resting-state, correlates with cognitive performance in older adults, even after accounting for age and cardiovascular factors. This highlights task-driven blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) variability as a key indicator of cognitive function.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Human Aging

Background:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies suggest moment-to-moment blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal variability relates to task performance.
  • It remains unclear if resting-state and task-driven BOLD variability differentially relate to cognition.
  • Age-related differences in resting-state BOLD variability may be influenced by cardiovascular factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between behavioral task performance and BOLD variability during resting-state and task-driven conditions.
  • To determine if these relationships differ based on age and cardiovascular health.
  • To assess the sensitivity of BOLD variability to neural versus non-neural mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Examined BOLD signal variability during resting-state and task-driven runs (Stroop, animacy judgment) in a large sample of cognitively normal older adults.
  • Correlated BOLD variability measures with cognitive performance (global cognition, attentional control).
  • Controlled for age and cardiovascular estimates.

Main Results:

  • Resting-state BOLD variability showed initial associations with global cognition and attentional control, but these disappeared after controlling for age or cardiovascular factors.
  • Task-driven BOLD variability consistently related to attentional control, both within and outside the scanner.
  • These task-driven BOLD variability relationships remained significant after controlling for age and cardiovascular measures.

Conclusions:

  • BOLD variability is a behaviorally sensitive signal.
  • Task-driven BOLD variability is more robustly linked to cognitive function, specifically attentional control, in older adults compared to resting-state BOLD variability.
  • Findings suggest task-driven BOLD variability is less confounded by age-related and cardiovascular factors, potentially reflecting more distinct neural mechanisms.