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In Vitro Fertilization01:24

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Updated: Dec 2, 2025

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction
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Current Approaches to Fertility Preservation.

Meredith Humphreys1, Erica Johnstone, Joseph M Letourneau

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
|November 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Patients may consider fertility preservation for cancer treatment, medical conditions, gender affirmation, or genetic risks. This paper reviews who should consider fertility preservation, evaluation methods, and current/future techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Fertility preservation is crucial for individuals facing medical treatments or genetic conditions that may impair reproductive capacity.
  • Key indications include cancer therapy, nonmalignant conditions, gender-affirming care, and genetic predispositions to premature ovarian insufficiency.
  • Expanding access to fertility preservation technologies is essential for equitable reproductive healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the primary indications for considering fertility preservation.
  • To detail the optimal clinical evaluation process for patients seeking fertility preservation.
  • To review existing and emerging fertility preservation techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current fertility preservation indications and techniques.
  • Discussion of clinical evaluation strategies for diverse patient populations.
  • Analysis of future directions and access to fertility preservation.

Main Results:

  • Identified five principal reasons for fertility preservation: cancer treatment, nonmalignant conditions, planned indications, gender-affirming care, and genetic conditions.
  • Emphasized the importance of comprehensive clinical evaluation tailored to individual needs.
  • Highlighted the evolving landscape of fertility preservation technologies.

Conclusions:

  • Fertility preservation offers vital options for patients with diverse medical and personal circumstances.
  • A thorough evaluation is key to selecting appropriate fertility preservation methods.
  • Continued innovation and expanded access are necessary to meet patient needs.