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Expectations affect the perception of material properties.

Lorilei M Alley1,2, Alexandra C Schmid1,3, Katja Doerschner1,4,5

  • 1Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.

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Our visual perception of material properties is influenced by prior expectations about how objects typically behave. Even when an object moves unusually, its appearance can be biased by its familiar material properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception
  • Material Science

Background:

  • Objects possess characteristic material properties (e.g., hardness, texture) and behaviors under force (e.g., shattering, deflating).
  • Lifetime experiences form strong associations between objects and their typical material properties and behaviors.
  • These associations create visual priors that influence our expectations of object interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how visual priors about object materials affect the perception of material qualities.
  • To examine the impact of expectation violations, where objects exhibit atypical material behaviors.
  • To determine if and how object-based priors modulate the visual appearance of materials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a cue conflict design pairing familiar objects with surprising material behaviors (e.g., shattering curtain).
  • Employed computer-rendered stimuli to control object kinematics and material appearance.
  • Analyzed material quality estimations, response times, and visual perception data.

Main Results:

  • Material qualities are not solely determined by an object's kinematics (motion).
  • Visual appearance of materials can be "pulled" towards the object's native motion, shape, and optical properties, overriding observed behavior.
  • Response time data indicated significant modulation of material appearance by object-specific priors.

Conclusions:

  • Rich visual priors about materials establish high-level expectations about object behaviors.
  • These priors actively modulate the visual perception of material appearance, demonstrating a top-down influence.
  • The brain integrates object knowledge with observed motion to perceive material properties.