Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Atmospheric Components Using an NIR and MIR Laser Hybrid Gas Sensing System

A compact multi-gas sensor has been developed for simultaneous detection of atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and methane (CH₄). Instead of the traditional time-division multiplexing detection technique, two lasers having center emission wavelengths of 1.653 μm (near-infrared (NIR) diode feedback (DFB) laser diode) and 4.56 μm (mid-infrared (MIR) quantum cascade laser) were simultaneously coupled to a multipass cell using a dichroic mirror, which significantly decreased the complexity of the measurement and increased the temporal resolution of the spectrometer. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) with the second-harmonic detection technique (WMS-2f) was used to improve the detection sensitivity. A LabVIEW-based digital lock-in amplifier (DLIA) algorithm and system control unit was developed to make the system more compact and flexible. Allan deviation analysis indicates that detection limits of 6.36 ppb by volume for CO, 4.9 ppb by volume for N₂O, and 23.6 ppb by volume for CH₄ are obtained at 1 s averaging time, and the sensitivity can be improved to 0.44 ppb for CO, 0.41 ppb for N₂O, and 2 ppb for CH₄ at an optimal averaging time of 900 s. Two-day real-time measurement in ambient air was performed to demonstrate the long-term stability of the sensor system.