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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 2, 2025

Glucose Uptake Measurement and Response to Insulin Stimulation in In Vitro Cultured Human Primary Myotubes
08:03

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Review: Glucose-sensitive insulin.

Thomas Hoeg-Jensen1

  • 1Research Chemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park H5.S.05, DK-2720 Maaloev, Denmark.

Molecular Metabolism
|November 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are developing smart insulin that automatically adjusts to blood sugar levels to prevent hypoglycemia in diabetics. While challenges remain, recent clinical trials offer hope for this advanced diabetes management tool.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

  • Hypoglycemia is a common complication for diabetic patients undergoing insulin therapy.
  • Developing self-adjusting insulin to prevent hypoglycemia has been a goal since the 1970s.
  • Despite extensive research, no practical glucose-sensitive insulin system has reached clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze existing methods for creating glucose-sensitive insulin therapies.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of systems described in patent applications, a novel approach for this topic.
  • To assess the progress and future potential of glucose-sensitive insulin.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on scientific publications.
Keywords:
Glucose bindersHypoglycaemiaInsulin conjugatesPolymersStabilityTime lagToxicity

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Last Updated: Dec 2, 2025

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  • In-depth analysis of patent applications for glucose-sensitive insulin systems.
  • Critical evaluation of existing approaches for product development suitability.

    • Main Results:

    • Most published glucose-sensitive insulin systems are not viable for product development.
    • A limited number of glucose-sensitive insulin concepts have advanced to clinical trials.
    • Patent literature reveals diverse strategies for glucose-sensing insulin.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant progress has been made in developing glucose-sensitive insulin.
    • Recent advancements suggest that glucose-sensitive insulin may soon be available for diabetes management.
    • Further research and development are crucial for clinical translation.