Does focus of attention alter craniocervical flexion test motor learning? A randomized controlled trial

Area of Science:

• Motor learning research
• Sports science
• Rehabilitation

Background:

• Focus of attention significantly influences motor skill acquisition.
• Internal focus directs attention to body movements, while external focus directs attention to the outcome of movements.
• Understanding attentional focus is crucial for optimizing motor learning strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of internal, external, and mixed foci of attention on motor learning of the craniocervical flexion test.
• To assess the effects on muscle activity, range of motion, and test performance in novice participants.

Main Methods:

• Ninety healthy young adults with no prior experience performed the craniocervical flexion test.
• Participants were divided into three groups: Mixed Focus (internal + external), Internal Focus, and External Focus.
• Motor learning was evaluated by measuring superficial cervical flexor muscle activity, craniocervical range of motion, and test performance immediately, post-training, and at retention (one week).

Main Results:

• No significant changes were observed in superficial neck flexor muscle activity or craniocervical range of motion across all groups and time points.
• Mixed focus demonstrated superior craniocervical flexion test performance compared to both external and internal focus immediately post-training and at retention.
• External focus showed better performance than internal focus at all assessment points.

Conclusions:

• Attentional focus (internal, external, mixed) did not alter cervical muscle activity or range of motion in novice craniocervical flexion test participants.
• Mixed focus proved most effective for improving craniocervical flexion test performance, with benefits sustained over a one-week retention period.