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Updated: Dec 2, 2025

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Complement-mediated kidney diseases.

Felix Poppelaars1, Joshua M Thurman2

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, AA53, Postbus 196, 9700 AD, Groningen, the Netherlands.

Molecular Immunology
|November 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The complement cascade, involving classical, alternative, and lectin pathways, is activated in various glomerulonephritis kidney diseases. This review explores complement activation mechanisms and therapeutic inhibitor opportunities.

Keywords:
ComplementGlomerulonephritisKidneyTherapeutics

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • The complement cascade is a key immune system component implicated in various kidney diseases.
  • Immune complex deposition in glomeruli often triggers the classical complement pathway.
  • Alternative and lectin pathways also contribute to complement activation in renal pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review shared and distinct mechanisms of complement activation in glomerulonephritis.
  • To highlight the kidney's susceptibility to alternative complement pathway activation.
  • To explore therapeutic complement inhibitor applications for kidney diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on complement pathways in glomerulonephritis.
  • Analysis of specific kidney diseases driven by complement activation.
  • Examination of therapeutic strategies targeting complement inhibition.

Main Results:

  • The alternative pathway is a significant driver in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, C3 glomerulopathy, and ANCA-associated vasculitis.
  • Both shared and unique complement activation pathways are identified across different glomerulonephritis types.
  • Therapeutic complement inhibition presents promising treatment avenues for these kidney diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding diverse complement activation pathways is crucial for diagnosing and treating glomerulonephritis.
  • Targeting specific complement pathways offers potential for novel therapeutic interventions in kidney disease.
  • Further research into complement-driven kidney diseases can refine treatment strategies.