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All-optical Mechanobiology Interrogation of Yes-associated Protein in Human Cancer and Normal Cells using a Multi-functional System
Published on: December 20, 2021
XIAP's Profile in Human Cancer
1Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, NY 10010, USA.
Abstract:
XIAP, the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, regulates cell death signaling pathways through binding and inhibiting caspases. Mounting experimental research associated with XIAP has shown it to be a master regulator of cell death not only in apoptosis, but also in autophagy and necroptosis. As a vital decider on cell survival, XIAP is involved in the regulation of cancer initiation, promotion and progression. XIAP up-regulation occurs in many human diseases, resulting in a series of undesired effects such as raising the cellular tolerance to genetic lesions, inflammation and cytotoxicity. Hence, anti-tumor drugs targeting XIAP have become an important focus for cancer therapy research. RNA-XIAP interaction is a focus, which has enriched the general profile of XIAP regulation in human cancer. In this review, the basic functions of XIAP, its regulatory role in cancer, anti-XIAP drugs and recent findings about RNA-XIAP interactions are discussed.
Insights
The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) regulates cell death and is crucial in cancer. Targeting XIAP with anti-tumor drugs, including understanding RNA-XIAP interactions, offers promising cancer therapy strategies.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Research
- Cell Death Signaling
Background:
- The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is a key regulator of apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis.
- XIAP dysregulation, particularly up-regulation, is implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy.
- Understanding XIAP's multifaceted roles is critical for developing effective cancer treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the fundamental functions of XIAP.
- To elucidate XIAP's regulatory role in cancer development and progression.
- To discuss current anti-XIAP therapeutic strategies and emerging RNA-XIAP interactions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of experimental and clinical studies on XIAP.
- Analysis of XIAP's involvement in various cell death pathways.
- Synthesis of data on XIAP's role in oncogenesis and therapeutic targeting.
Main Results:
- XIAP acts as a master regulator of cell survival and is frequently upregulated in cancers.
- XIAP up-regulation contributes to increased cellular tolerance to DNA damage and inflammation.
- RNA-XIAP interactions represent a novel regulatory mechanism in cancer.
Conclusions:
- XIAP is a critical target for anti-cancer drug development.
- Targeting XIAP can overcome therapeutic resistance and improve cancer treatment outcomes.
- Further research into RNA-XIAP interactions may reveal new therapeutic avenues.
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