Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Echo01:06

Echo

745
The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
745
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

49.4K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
49.4K
Hearing01:31

Hearing

55.8K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
55.8K
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

6.6K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
6.6K
Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

1.7K
Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
1.7K
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

691
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
691

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evidence for the Collective Nature of Radial Flow in Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Evidence for the Dimuon Decay of the Higgs Boson in pp Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Evidence for Longitudinally Polarized W Bosons in the Electroweak Production of Same-Sign W Boson Pairs in Association with Two Jets in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Observation of tt[over ¯] Production in Pb+Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Search for Dark Matter Produced in Association with a Dark Higgs Boson in the bb[over ¯] Final State Using pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Search for Magnetic Monopole Pair Production in Ultraperipheral Pb+Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.36  TeV with the ATLAS Detector at the LHC.

Physical review letters·2025
Same journal

Segmental vs phrase-level creak in Polish: An acoustic analysis.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same journal

Interaction of near-wall bubble arrays with acoustic waves induced by an oscillating rigid wall.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same journal

Ultra-broadband underwater acoustic projector based on transverse resonance orthogonal beam (TROB) mode and acoustic matching layer technique.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same journal

Fine-scale quantitative analysis of bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) song shows varying stability of song types.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same journal

High-resolution depth estimation for multiple wideband sources in deep sea via sparse Bayesian learninga).

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same journal

Depression markers in speech: An approach based on tract variables dynamics.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 2, 2025

Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention
04:32

Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention

Published on: December 20, 2024

673

Crocodiles use both interaural level differences and interaural time differences to locate a sound source.

L Papet1, M Raymond1, N Boyer1

  • 1Equipe Cognition Auditive et Psychoacoustique, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|November 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Crocodiles use both interaural time differences (ITDs) and interaural level differences (ILDs) to locate sounds. Their sound localization performance decreases when either of these crucial auditory cues is absent.

More Related Videos

A Comparative Study of Drug Delivery Methods Targeted to the Mouse Inner Ear: Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection
09:18

A Comparative Study of Drug Delivery Methods Targeted to the Mouse Inner Ear: Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection

Published on: March 8, 2017

13.7K
A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
07:14

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

6.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 2, 2025

Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention
04:32

Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention

Published on: December 20, 2024

673
A Comparative Study of Drug Delivery Methods Targeted to the Mouse Inner Ear: Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection
09:18

A Comparative Study of Drug Delivery Methods Targeted to the Mouse Inner Ear: Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection

Published on: March 8, 2017

13.7K
A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
07:14

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

6.7K

Area of Science:

  • Zoology
  • Bioacoustics
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Understanding auditory spatial perception in non-mammalian vertebrates is crucial for evolutionary biology.
  • Crocodilians possess sophisticated sensory systems for navigating their environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific auditory cues (inter-aural time differences and inter-aural level differences) Nile crocodiles use for sound source localization.
  • To determine the relative importance of these cues in spatial hearing.

Main Methods:

  • Two Nile crocodiles were trained to approach acoustic targets.
  • Filtered synthesized sounds were used to isolate the effects of interaural time differences (ITDs) and interaural level differences (ILDs).

Main Results:

  • Crocodilians demonstrated the ability to use both ITDs and ILDs for sound localization.
  • Localization accuracy was significantly reduced when either ITDs or ILDs were unavailable.

Conclusions:

  • Nile crocodiles integrate both ITDs and ILDs for effective sound source detection.
  • Both auditory cues are essential for precise spatial hearing in crocodilians.