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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Targeted Molecular Therapies in Allergy and Rhinology.

Cecelia C Damask1, Matthew W Ryan2, Thomas B Casale3

  • 1University of Central Florida, Lake Mary, Florida, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|November 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Biologic agents, targeting Type 2 inflammation, are increasingly used for allergic and otolaryngologic conditions like chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and asthma. This review covers their diagnosis, management, and supporting clinical trial data.

Keywords:
T2 inflammationallergic asthmaanti-IL-13anti-IL-4anti-IL-5anti-IgEanti-TSLPaspirin-exacerbated respiratory diseaseasthmaatopic dermatitisbenralizumabbiologic agentbiologicschronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposischronic spontaneous urticariadupilumabeosinophiliaeosinophilic asthmaeosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitismepolizumabomalizumabreslizumabtezepelumabunified airway

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Type 2 inflammation underlies conditions like asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
  • These conditions involve immunoglobulin E, eosinophils, and mast cells, leading to tissue damage.
  • Biologic agents offer targeted therapy for these inflammatory pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of Type 2 inflammatory conditions.
  • To critically analyze clinical trial data for approved biologic agents.
  • To discuss the integration of biologics into otolaryngology and allergy care pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical trials for biologic agents.
  • Summary of diagnostic criteria for relevant conditions.
  • Analysis of management strategies incorporating biologics.

Main Results:

  • Biologic agents are approved for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, asthma, EGPA, atopic dermatitis, and CSU.
  • Clinical trial data supports the efficacy and safety of these agents.
  • Evidence demonstrates the role of biologics in managing Type 2 inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Biologic therapies represent a significant advancement in treating specific allergic and otolaryngologic disorders.
  • Targeting Type 2 inflammation with biologics is effective across multiple conditions.
  • Further research and clinical integration are ongoing for these targeted therapies.