Journey of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.: From traditional utilization to modern therapeutics-A review

Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. (Araliaceae) is a short and edible medicinal herb, which is used in the traditional system of medicines. The review aims to report the current information of H. sibthorpioides on the basis of its botanical and taxonomical description, traditional use, active phytoconstituents, pharmacological use and toxicity. The information on H. sibthorpioides with respect to its journey from traditional uses to scientific validation was gathered based on the online survey. The results from the review signify that the plant is used by the different tribes of the world for the treatment of patients suffering from fever, edema, dysentery, rheumatalgia, whooping cough, jaundice, throat pain, psoriasis, herpes zoster infection, hepatitis-B infection, soothing pain, dysmenorrhoea and carbunculosis. It is also used as a brain tonic, detoxifying agent and hepatoprotective agent. Scientific investigation reported that the plant has a significant pharmacological activity, viz. cognitive agent, anti-cancer, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-fungal and hepatoprotective. Moreover, based on the phytochemical aspects, a total of 50 phytoconstituents was identified and isolated from the plant. In conclusion, the outcome of this review will be useful for (a) developing a comprehensive plant profile; (b) assist investigators for exploring further research; and (c) to fulfil the gaps lacking in terms of clinical studies.