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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

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Updated: Dec 2, 2025

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

Alternative Checkpoints as Targets for Immunotherapy.

Ayush Pant¹, Ravi Medikonda¹, Michael Lim²

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Otolaryngology, and Institute of NanoBiotechnology, Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Metastatic Brain Tumor Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 123, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.

Current Oncology Reports

|November 3, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Exploring alternative immune checkpoints can enhance anti-tumor immunity. Targeting these pathways improves cytotoxic lymphocyte function and harnesses other immune cells for better cancer treatment outcomes.

Keywords:

Alternative checkpoints Antigen presentation Checkpoint blockade Immunosuppression Immunotherapy T cell exhaustion

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Cancer Research

Background:

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, demonstrating significant patient responses.
Challenges like insufficient cytotoxic lymphocytes and therapy resistance limit current immunotherapy efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

To review alternative immune checkpoints for enhancing anti-tumor immunity.
To discuss strategies for improving cytotoxic lymphocyte function and leveraging other immune components.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on alternative immune checkpoint targets.
Analysis of preclinical and clinical findings related to checkpoint blockade.

Main Results:

Alternative checkpoint blockade shows promise in preclinical models and early clinical trials.
These checkpoints modulate T cells, myeloid cells, and regulatory T cells to enhance anti-tumor responses.
Combination therapies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors activate multiple immune system arms.

Conclusions:

Targeting alternative immune checkpoints offers a promising strategy to overcome immunotherapy limitations.
Modulating these pathways can improve cytotoxic lymphocyte activity and overall anti-tumor immunity.