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MicroRNA in Gastric Cancer Development: Mechanisms and Biomarkers

Fatimat Kipkeeva1, Tatyana Muzaffarova1, Alexandra Korotaeva1

  • 1Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St., Moscow 115522, Russia.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 4, 2020
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs regulate key signaling pathways in gastric cancer (GC), influencing metastasis and chemoresistance. Understanding these microRNA circuits is crucial for developing novel GC biomarkers and therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gastric cancer (GC) presents significant therapeutic challenges.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in regulating cellular processes relevant to cancer development.
  • Investigating miRNA-pathway interactions offers insights into GC mechanisms and potential biomarker discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct a circuit model of microRNA interactions within key signaling pathways in gastric cancer.
  • To identify specific microRNAs associated with GC metastasis and chemoresistance.
  • To analyze the characteristics of potential microRNA biomarkers for GC diagnosis and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a microRNA-pathway interaction circuit.
  • Analysis of microRNA roles in regulating major signaling cascades including Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RAS/RAF/ERK/MAPK, NF-kB, TGF-β, and JAK/STAT.
  • Evaluation of microRNAs linked to metastasis and chemoresistance.
  • Assessment of microRNA candidates for biomarker utility.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs extensively regulate multiple signaling pathways in GC, including Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and others.
  • Specific microRNAs are implicated in promoting GC metastasis, often interacting with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
  • Other microRNAs influence chemoresistance by targeting apoptosis regulators and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
  • MicroRNAs can exhibit complex regulatory functions, affecting multiple pathways simultaneously or antagonistically.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNA-mediated regulation of signaling pathways is central to gastric cancer progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance.
  • The identified microRNA-pathway interactions provide a foundation for developing targeted therapies.
  • MicroRNAs hold significant promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for gastric cancer.
Keywords:
chemoresistancegastric cancermarkersmetastasismicroRNAsignaling pathways

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