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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

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β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

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202
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 2, 2025

Biventricular Assessment of Cardiac Function and Pressure-Volume Loops by Closed-Chest Catheterization in Mice
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Pre-bypass levosimendan in ventricular dysfunction-effect on right ventricle.

Dhanesh Kumar1, Om Prakash Yadava1, Vikas Ahlawat1

  • 1Department of Cardiac Surgery, National Heart Institute, New Delhi, India.

Asian Cardiovascular & Thoracic Annals
|November 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Levosimendan improved right ventricular function and hemodynamics in patients with coronary artery disease. However, it did not reduce hospital stay or mortality.

Keywords:
Cardiotonic agentscoronary artery bypasshemodynamicsleft ventricular functionright ventricleventricular function

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Levosimendan is a calcium sensitizer with vasodilatory properties.
  • Its effects on right ventricular function in coronary artery disease patients are not well-established.
  • This study investigated levosimendan's impact on right ventricular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of levosimendan on right ventricular function.
  • To assess hemodynamic changes in patients with coronary artery disease and severe left ventricular dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, randomized, double-blind study.
  • 50 patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass.
  • Assessed right ventricular function and hemodynamic parameters.

Main Results:

  • Levosimendan demonstrated an inotropic effect on the right ventricle and vasodilatory effects.
  • Significant reductions in pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular systolic pressure, and pulmonary artery systolic pressure were observed.
  • Improved right ventricular diastolic function, indicated by decreased Tei index and end-diastolic pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Levosimendan positively impacts right ventricular function in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass.
  • The drug improves hemodynamic parameters, specifically reducing pulmonary pressures.
  • No significant benefits were found regarding intensive care unit stay, hospital stay, or mortality.