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Related Concept Videos

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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General method for emulsion polymerization to yield functional terpolymers.

Alexandra J Macbeth1, Zhuangsheng Lin2, Julie M Goddard1

  • 1Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States.

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|November 4, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a general emulsion polymerization method for creating functional copolymers. The versatile synthesis yields materials with tunable properties for diverse applications.

Keywords:
Bioactive materialsChelating polymerCopolymer synthesisEmulsion polymerizationFilmsFunctional coatings

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Copolymerization tailors material properties for specific applications like biomedicine and advanced manufacturing.
  • Emulsion polymerization is a scalable, water-based method producing purifiable latexes.
  • Developing general methods for emulsion polymerization is crucial for consistent and optimized copolymer synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a general emulsion polymerization method for synthesizing multi-functional copolymers.
  • To demonstrate the synthesis of functional monomer building blocks for tailored polymer architectures.
  • To enable adaptation of the method for various base chemistries, curing methods, and functional ligands.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a general emulsion polymerization protocol.
  • Synthesized functional monomers: glycidyl methacrylate-iminodiacetic acid (GMA-IDA) and 4-benzolylphneyl methacrylate (BPM).
  • Incorporated these monomers with n-butyl acrylate (BA) into a copolymer.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized a copolymer comprising GMA-IDA, BPM, and BA.
  • The copolymer integrates a metal-chelating ligand, a UV-curable component, and a hydrophobic element.
  • Demonstrated a versatile polymerization route adaptable for other functional monomers.

Conclusions:

  • The presented emulsion polymerization method is general and adaptable.
  • This approach allows for the creation of multi-functional polymers with tunable properties.
  • The protocol facilitates the development of novel materials for diverse technological applications.