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Penile cancer: potential target for immunotherapy?

Joren Vanthoor1, Gigi Vos1, Maarten Albersen2

  • 1Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.

World Journal of Urology
|November 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Penile cancer (PeCa) is a rare malignancy. Human papillomavirus (HPV) drives up to 50% of PeCa cases, offering new targets for immunotherapy and improved treatment strategies.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Penile cancer (PeCa) is a rare malignancy with limited understanding of its biological mediators.
  • Advanced PeCa has a poor prognosis, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immune micro-environment, molecular oncogenesis, and the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in PeCa.
  • To explore the potential of immunotherapy for PeCa treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative, non-systematic review of publications from PubMed and EMBASE.

Main Results:

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant driver of PeCa, implicated in up to 50% of cases.
  • Immune response modifiers and immune checkpoint inhibitors show potential for PeCa treatment and intraepithelial neoplasia.

Conclusions:

  • Expanding knowledge of PeCa biological pathways, particularly HPV's role, aids in identifying therapeutic targets.
  • Ongoing clinical trials are investigating immune-modifying treatments to improve PeCa prognosis.