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Related Concept Videos

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
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[Influence of mandibular somesthesia on cephalic deviation and spatial representations].

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Mandibular proprioception influences head posture and spatial orientation. Vibrating jaw muscles alters head position and subjective visual vertical, suggesting a global role in postural control.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Human Motor Control

Background:

  • Mandibular proprioception plays a role in postural control and spatial orientation.
  • Dysfunctions in posture and spatial awareness are linked to mandibular proprioception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of mandibular proprioception on cephalic posture and spatial orientation.
  • To clarify the role of mandibular proprioception in controlling head position and spatial references.

Main Methods:

  • 24 subjects underwent vibration of the masseter and temporal muscles.
  • Measurements included head position (HP), subjective visual vertical (SVV), and line bisection (LB) with and without vibration.

Main Results:

  • Without vibration, head position was negatively correlated with subjective visual vertical.
  • With vibration, head position errors and subjective visual vertical errors aligned.
  • Vibration affected head position and subjective visual vertical, but not line bisection.

Conclusions:

  • Mandibular proprioception influences cephalic posture and spatial orientation.
  • Muscle vibration can elicit global and oriented responses beyond local effects.
  • Findings suggest a significant role for mandibular proprioception in integrated sensory-motor control.