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Rationally Designed Multivalent Aptamers Targeting Cell Surface for Biomedical Applications.

Meihua Lin1, Jian Zhang1, Hao Wan1

  • 1Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|November 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multivalent aptamers enhance cell targeting for cancer therapy and diagnostics. These engineered molecules overcome limitations of traditional aptamers, improving stability and circulation time for better in vivo applications.

Keywords:
DNA nanotechnologySELEXcell membrane receptorsdiagnosismultivalent aptamersnanomaterialtherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering
  • Molecular Biology and Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cell surface receptor-ligand interactions are crucial for cellular processes.
  • Nucleic acid aptamers offer specific targeting of membrane proteins for cell fate modulation.
  • In vivo application of aptamers is limited by rapid degradation and clearance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review strategies for generating aptamers targeting cell surfaces.
  • To highlight methods for fabricating multivalent aptamers and their properties.
  • To discuss the applications and clinical potential of multivalent aptamers.

Main Methods:

  • Aptamer generation using protein-based and whole cell-based SELEX.
  • Fabrication of multivalent aptamers using diverse scaffolds (nanomaterials, nanoparticles, DNA nanostructures).
  • Integration of scaffold materials with interface modification techniques.

Main Results:

  • Multivalent aptamers demonstrate improved binding affinity, stability, and circulation time.
  • Four types of multivalent aptamers synthesized using different scaffolds are summarized.
  • Enhanced performance of multivalent aptamers in biosensing and targeted cancer therapy is illustrated.

Conclusions:

  • Multivalent aptamer technology significantly advances aptamer-based diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Engineering multivalent aptamers offers solutions to in vivo application challenges.
  • Further analysis of challenges and opportunities is needed for clinical translation.