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Risk screening methods for extreme heat: Implications for equity-oriented adaptation.

Lynée L Turek-Hankins1,2, Miyuki Hino3,4, Katharine J Mach5,6

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Identifying vulnerable communities for extreme heat adaptation is crucial. Different vulnerability indices significantly alter which communities are recognized as needing support and impact the distribution of climate adaptation resources.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental health
  • Climate change adaptation
  • Social vulnerability assessment

Background:

  • Extreme heat events, exacerbated by climate change, disproportionately affect vulnerable communities due to existing socioeconomic, health, and environmental disparities.
  • Effective adaptation policies require accurate identification of communities most in need of support for heat risks.
  • California's current environmental justice index (CalEnviroScreen 3.0) primarily focuses on pollution, raising questions about its suitability for identifying heat adaptation needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the implications of California's CalEnviroScreen 3.0 for identifying socially vulnerable communities needing climate change adaptation.
  • To compare how community heat risks and adaptation needs are assessed using CalEnviroScreen 3.0 versus the Social Vulnerability Index and the Heat-Health Action Index.
  • To analyze the impact of index choice on the distribution of heat-related adaptation resources.

Main Methods:

  • Case study analysis of an equity-oriented adaptation program in California.
  • Assessment of vulnerability at the census tract and regional scales.
  • Comparison of community vulnerability identification using three distinct indices: CalEnviroScreen 3.0, Social Vulnerability Index, and Heat-Health Action Index.

Main Results:

  • California's current index designates 25% of census tracts as "disadvantaged."
  • An additional 12.6% of communities could be identified as vulnerable using alternative indices.
  • Only 13.4% of communities were found to be vulnerable across all three indices studied.
  • The choice of vulnerability index significantly influences statewide extreme heat risk patterns and resource allocation for adaptation projects.

Conclusions:

  • The selection of a vulnerability index critically shapes the identification of communities requiring heat adaptation support.
  • Current pollution-focused indices may not adequately capture heat-specific vulnerabilities, potentially leading to inequitable resource distribution.
  • Understanding the nuances and trade-offs of different vulnerability indices is essential for implementing effective and equitable climate adaptation strategies.