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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as SH2...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Polyfunctionality and Heterogeneity in Immune Responses

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Polyfunctionality and Heterogeneity in Immune Responses

Published on: March 8, 2024

[Progress in research on cytokine storm].

N An¹, J P Xianyu¹, J F Feng¹

¹Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621000, China.

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine]

|November 5, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Respiratory infectious diseases, like coronavirus, can spread via droplets. Excessive immune responses, known as cytokine storms, are a key factor in severe illness and death among infected patients.

Keywords:

Coronavirus Cytokine storm syndrome Cytokines

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Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Immunology
Virology

Background:

Infectious diseases pose significant public health risks, with respiratory pathogens frequently causing outbreaks.
Coronaviruses have previously triggered global health crises, characterized by hidden onset and potential for rapid deterioration.
Severe cases of coronavirus infection can lead to multiple organ failure and death.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanisms underlying severe outcomes in coronavirus infections.
To identify key factors contributing to mortality in patients with respiratory infectious diseases.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical data from infected patients.
Analysis of immune responses, focusing on cytokine profiles.
Correlation of immune response severity with patient outcomes.

Main Results:

Initial symptoms are often mild, masking the potential for rapid progression.
A subset of patients experiences sudden clinical deterioration.
Excessive immune responses, termed cytokine storms, are strongly associated with fatal outcomes.
Cytokine storms contribute to multiple organ failure.

Conclusions:

Cytokine storms are a critical determinant of mortality in severe coronavirus infections.
Understanding the immune response is crucial for managing severe infectious disease cases.
Targeting excessive immune responses may offer therapeutic strategies for reducing mortality.