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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Long noncoding RNA: a dazzling dancer in tumor immune microenvironment.

Yalu Zhang1, Qiaofei Liu1, Quan Liao2

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Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR
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PubMed
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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). This review explores lncRNA functions in TIME, influencing cancer immunity and patient survival, and discusses their therapeutic potential.

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Cancer immunotherapyLncRNATumor immune microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators of cellular functions and disease processes.
  • lncRNAs are increasingly recognized for their role in tumor-stroma interactions and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME).
  • The TIME, comprising diverse immune cells, significantly impacts cancer progression, immune evasion, and immunotherapy response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs within the TIME.
  • To elucidate how lncRNAs influence immune cell populations and functions within the tumor context.
  • To explore the potential of lncRNAs as targets for novel cancer immunotherapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on lncRNAs and the TIME.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs modulate immune cell behavior and function.
  • Discussion of current and emerging immunotherapeutic approaches leveraging lncRNAs.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs play multifaceted roles in shaping the TIME, influencing immune cell infiltration, activation, and function.
  • Specific lncRNAs have been identified that promote or suppress anti-tumor immunity.
  • lncRNAs are involved in regulating immune escape mechanisms and response to cancer therapies.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are critical mediators of the crosstalk between cancer cells, stromal cells, and immune cells.
  • Targeting lncRNAs offers promising avenues for enhancing cancer immunotherapy efficacy.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand lncRNA functions in the TIME and overcome limitations for clinical application.