Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 2, 2025

Using Microtiter Dish Radiolabeling for Multiple In Vivo Measurements Of Escherichia coli pppGpp Followed by Thin Layer Chromatography
Published on: June 4, 2019
The stringent response and physiological roles of (pp)pGpp in bacteria
Sophie E Irving1, Naznin R Choudhury1, Rebecca M Corrigan2
1The Florey Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Abstract:
The stringent response is a stress signalling system mediated by the alarmones guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine pentaphosphate (pppGpp) in response to nutrient deprivation. Recent research highlights the complexity and broad range of functions that these alarmones control. This Review provides an update on our current understanding of the enzymes involved in ppGpp, pppGpp and guanosine 5'-monophosphate 3'-diphosphate (pGpp) (collectively (pp)pGpp) turnover, including those shown to produce pGpp and its analogue (pp)pApp. We describe the well-known interactions with RNA polymerase as well as a broader range of cellular target pathways controlled by (pp)pGpp, including DNA replication, transcription, nucleotide synthesis, ribosome biogenesis and function, as well as lipid metabolism. Finally, we review the role of ppGpp and pppGpp in bacterial pathogenesis, providing examples of how these nucleotides are involved in regulating many aspects of virulence and chronic infection.
More Related Videos
09:53A Purification and In Vitro Activity Assay for a pppGpp Synthetase from Clostridium difficile
Published on: November 3, 2018
09:27Functional Complementation Analysis FCA: A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways
Published on: June 24, 2016
Related Concept Videos
Stringent Response in E. coli
Other Stress Responses in Bacteria
Global Regulatory Systems
Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria
Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression
Gene Regulation During Sporulation