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Related Experiment Videos

The evaluation of "spasticity".

P Ashby1, A Mailis, J Hunter

  • 1Playfair Neuroscience Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Ontario, Canada.

The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques
|August 1, 1987
PubMed
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Upper motor neuron lesions disrupt reflex activity and voluntary movement control, leading to spasticity and impaired function. Objective measures like EMG and muscle recordings help differentiate these effects and assess recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions disrupt descending pathways controlling voluntary movement and reflexes.
  • Clinical manifestations include spasticity, altered reflexes, and impaired motor execution.
  • Understanding these disruptions is crucial for diagnosis and rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the effects of UMN lesions on segmental reflex activity and motoneuron function.
  • To explore methods for objectively assessing motor impairments and functional abilities.
  • To highlight the complexity introduced by secondary changes in segmental neurons.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical assessment using established scoring systems for reflexes, power, and function.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Objective physiological recordings including muscle length, tension, and electromyography (EMG).
  • Exploration of neurophysiological techniques to study specific reflex and descending pathways.

    • Main Results:

    • UMN lesions cause altered segmental reflexes (e.g., spasticity, hyperreflexia) and impaired selective motoneuron activation.
    • Voluntary movement is further hindered by muscle co-contraction, reflex enhancement, and contractures.
    • Objective measures effectively differentiate weakness from co-contraction and spasticity from contracture.
    • Secondary changes in segmental neurons complicate the overall picture.

    Conclusions:

    • UMN lesions induce a complex pattern of motor dysfunction involving both reflex hyperactivity and impaired voluntary control.
    • Objective physiological assessments provide valuable insights beyond traditional clinical scores.
    • Considering the dynamic nature of segmental reflex activity and muscle mechanics is essential for accurate evaluation.