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Laura J Speed1, Jidong Chen2, Falk Huettig1

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Language, specifically numeral classifiers, does not shape object concepts. Speakers of classifier and non-classifier languages show similar conceptual structures, suggesting language reflects rather than dictates cognition.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Conceptual structure of objects may be influenced by sensorimotor experience or linguistic information.
  • Numeral classifiers, a grammatical feature in some languages, may impact object conceptualization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if numeral classifiers in language affect the conceptual representation of objects.
  • To compare object similarity judgments between speakers of a classifier language (Mandarin) and a non-classifier language (Dutch).

Main Methods:

  • Four studies were conducted comparing Mandarin and Dutch speakers.
  • Participants rated object similarity based on shared classifiers (words or pictures).
  • A successive pile-sorting task assessed underlying object concepts.

Main Results:

  • Objects sharing a classifier were consistently rated as more similar, irrespective of participant language.
  • No significant differences in underlying object concepts were found between Mandarin and Dutch speakers.
  • Sensitivity to conceptual similarities underlying classifier systems was observed in non-classifier language speakers.

Conclusions:

  • Numeral classifier systems appear to reflect existing conceptual structures rather than shaping them.
  • Linguistic information, such as classifiers, does not fundamentally alter object conceptualization.
  • Cognitive conceptual structures are robust across speakers of languages with and without numeral classifiers.