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Related Concept Videos

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations01:19

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The one-compartment model is a pharmacokinetic tool that models the body as a single, uniform compartment, facilitating the understanding of drug distribution and elimination. This model is particularly beneficial for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, where the drug rapidly circulates throughout the body.
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Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
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Practical implementation of automated closed-loop insulin delivery: A French position statement.

N Tubiana-Rufi1, P Schaepelynck2, S Franc3

  • 1Endocrinologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP Nord, Université de Paris et Aide aux Jeunes Diabétiques AJD, Paris, et SFEDP, France.

Diabetes & Metabolism
|November 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Automated closed-loop (CL) insulin therapy is now a reality for type 1 diabetes. This consensus statement from the French Diabetes Society outlines its indications, expert care requirements, and training needs for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
AdolescentsAdultsArtificial pancreasAutomated closed-loop insulin deliveryChildrenClosed-loopOrganization of carePosition statementSFDTherapeutic educationType 1 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetes Technology
  • Medical Device Regulation

Background:

  • Automated closed-loop (CL) insulin therapy represents a significant advancement in type 1 diabetes management.
  • Improving access and adherence to CL therapy requires clear guidelines for patients and healthcare professionals.
  • The French Diabetes Society (SFD) convened an expert working group to establish a practical consensus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the indications for automated closed-loop insulin therapy.
  • To propose specifications for expert care centers initiating CL therapy.
  • To emphasize the importance of patient and healthcare professional training and long-term follow-up.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a national consensus statement by a French Working Group of experts.
  • Discussion and agreement on practical aspects of CL therapy implementation.
  • Inclusion of safety, regulatory, ethical, and practical considerations.

Main Results:

  • Defined indications for CL therapy, stressing the need for clear treatment expectations.
  • Proposed specifications for expert care centers responsible for initiating CL therapy.
  • Highlighted the critical role of high-quality training for patients and HCPs.

Conclusions:

  • Automated closed-loop insulin therapy is poised to enhance care for individuals with type 1 diabetes.
  • This consensus statement provides a framework for integrating CL devices into standard clinical practice.
  • Emphasis on defined expectations, specialized care, comprehensive training, and psychosocial factors is crucial for successful adoption.