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Related Concept Videos

Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

Other Glycolytic Pathways

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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
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Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Energy-requiring Steps of Glycolysis01:20

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Glucose is the source of nearly all energy used by organisms. The first step of converting glucose into usable energy is called glycolysis. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell over two phases: an energy-requiring phase and an energy-releasing phase. Over the first three steps, glucose is converted into different forms and attached to two phosphate groups donated by two ATP molecules, resulting in an unstable sugar. In the next two stages, the unstable sugar splits into two sugar...
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High-Throughput Functional Genomics for Energy Production.

Jacob A Fenster1, Carrie A Eckert2

  • 1Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder CO, United States; Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder CO, United States.

Current Opinion in Biotechnology
|November 5, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-throughput functional genomics uses trackable mutagenesis to rapidly profile mutant libraries, accelerating synthetic biology for strain engineering. This enables discovering beneficial mutations for developing industrial microbes and a bio-based economy.

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Genomics
  • Metabolic engineering

Background:

  • Functional genomics is crucial for understanding genotype-phenotype relationships.
  • High-throughput (HTP) methods accelerate the Design-Build-Test-Learn cycle in synthetic biology.
  • Strain engineering relies on identifying beneficial mutations for desired traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of HTP functional genomics in advancing strain engineering.
  • To demonstrate how trackable mutagenesis accelerates the discovery of beneficial mutations.
  • To emphasize the potential of these methods for developing industrial microbes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing trackable mutagenesis techniques like transposon insertion sequencing.
  • Employing CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing for rapid fitness profiling.
  • Implementing iterative rounds of mutagenesis for complex phenotype development.

Main Results:

  • Accelerated fitness profiling of mutant libraries.
  • Discovery of beneficial mutations for strain improvement.
  • Enabling the engineering of complex production and tolerance phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • HTP functional genomics and trackable mutagenesis are key drivers of forward synthetic biology.
  • These methods facilitate the development of next-generation industrial microbes.
  • Expansion to novel bacteria supports the establishment of a bio-based economy.